Urban development and population settlement in Iranian islands have always been the focus of policy makers and researchers due to their geographical, economic and strategic characteristics. Bomosi Island, as one of the strategic islands of Iran, is considered an example for studying the patterns of urban development and settlement. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing urban development patterns in Bomusi Island and tries to explain the relationship between natural, social and economic factors with settlement and development processes.The research method of this study is descriptive-analytical and field data, documents and satellite images are used. The findings show that urban development in Bomusi is strongly influenced by geographical factors such as limited water resources, habitable land and environmental threats. At the same time, the role of macro-development policies and infrastructure investments in directing settlement patterns is very important. Data analysis shows that scattered and unbalanced urban growth is one of the main challenges of this island, which requires accurate and coordinated planning with environmental and social capacities. This study suggests that using sustainable development models, paying attention to local capacities and strengthening local community participation can be effective in improving settlement and development patterns in Bomusi Island. The results of this research can be used as a model for urban planning in other Iranian islands.